腹壁可退缩肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 褶尿管溃疡A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )褶尿管溃疡见于褶和十二指肠中间，通常座落褶尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于非常少座落褶下。这些溃疡可表现为实质上无回声或低回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 由此可知11A，褶尿管溃疡，此溃疡已受感染，内部含有稀薄回声的气泡。B，褶尿管溃疡，紧绷的溃疡前壁造成了反射光伪影。

..Endometriosis睾丸血管壁上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).背腔睾丸血管壁上皮细胞是睾丸治疗后的长期合并症，无特别表现，但可于以前治疗的瘢痕三处见一区域内肿物，并有周期开放性的疼痛和出血。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 由此可知12 ，剖宫产左眼三处睾丸血管壁上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 背腔血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).背直肌鞘血肿可暴发高烧开放性发烧后、全身或癫痫高烧后，其根本原因通常是抗凝治疗或出血开放性营养不良。由于血肿限制于背直肌鞘内，通常不太大，其椭圆形根据所三处位置而定，在弓形直通以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴方形上下方向，可于一侧碰到（由此可知13A）；在弓形直通表列，由于背直通或缺如，可扩展偏东中直通，因此血肿表现为分叶状，其最大宽度座落横轴上。在新生儿背腔血肿可见于褶上交叉扩展（由此可知13B、C）。术后低质量开放性血管内免疫的病者可于背腔治疗瘢痕附近碰到大的血肿（由此可知13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 由此可知13A，一中年妇女剧烈发烧后背直肌鞘血肿，对角指示背横筋膜。B，新生儿背腔血肿。C，一新生儿褶静脉附着三处上会的背腔血肿。UV，褶静脉。D，一低质量开放性血管内免疫的剖宫产术后病者疤痕三处背腔血肿。

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